Agroforestry is increasingly considered as a sustainable alternative to pesticide use for managing vineyard pests while providing multiple ecosystem services. However, few economic studies have assessed the actual benefits of these services in viticulture. This research aims to analyse the extent to which natural regulation induced by agroforestry practices can mitigate pest-related losses and enhance vineyard profitability. To this end, we studied 40 vineyard plots, both conventional and organic, located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France. Data were collected between 2018 and 2023 as part of the Bacchus Territorial Innovation Laboratory (LIT). Our methodology integrates a spatial econometric approach applied to panel data, combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map agroforestry practices around vineyard plots, including hedgerows, grasslands, shrubs, and woodlands. The objective is to assess their impact on grape yield, pesticide expenditures, and the time spent managing pests. Preliminary results indicate that pests have a non-significant effect on grape production, whereas the interaction between agroforestry practices and pest pressure, as well as the interaction between the insecticide treatment frequency index and pests, has a positive and significant effect on yield. These results indicate that agroforestry practices can provide pest regulation services comparable to those of pesticides, reinforcing their potential as an environmentally friendly pest control strategy. They call for support for agroforestry as a means of reducing pesticide use, despite policies that limit its funding, such as budget cuts for hedgerows. However, we have observed a continuous decline in yields over the years, with this decrease being more pronounced in organic farming than in conventional farming. The yield level in organic farming is 26.5% lower than that of conventional farming, highlighting the climatic and sanitary challenges faced by viticulture and the need to rethink the agricultural system.